18th Century Literature Essay - 648 Words

18th Century Literature nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 18th century is a period of great literary works. The styles are different throughout the period, but the unity of the work is still present. Much of this period focused on public and general themes, until the Pre- Romantic era when literary works began to focus upon personal expression. 18th century literature can be broken down into three main parts: the Restoration, the Age of Pope, and Pre-Romantics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The literature of the Restoration period covers a time span from Charless recovery of the throne to the years until the expulsion of James II in 1688 or until the death of John Dryden in 1700. The literature of the Restoration was characterized by†¦show more content†¦This literary time period also included works from John Dryden, who used elegance and cleverness in his writings. This period ended about 1700, and enabled a new age of literature. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In literary history, the first half of the 18th century is known as the Age of the Pope. In this age, the writers expressed views of the public and restrained from writing personal topics or expressions. In the Age of the Pope or the Neoclassical Age, most of the literary themes were of social, political, and moral life. The Rape of the Lock and Epigrams by Alexander Pope, and quot;A Modest Proposalquot; and Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift are some examples from the Age of Pope or the Neoclassical age. Most of the literary works in this period used satirical styles to express a concern in society. quot;Puffs, powders, patches, Bibles, billet-douxquot;, from The Rape of the Lock shows an example of pathos a satirical device used in this age of literature. Jonathan Swift also uses satire in Gullivers Travels to mock the Parliament, and in quot;Modest Proposalquot; he writes about eating children as a solution to a socioeconomic problem. After the writings, literature began to focus on private expressions rather than public thoughts and emotions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Age of Johnson or the Pre-romantic era was shown in various ways. Characteristics of the age included ballads, a new taste for ruins, Gothic castlesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Individualism in History1061 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s world, individualism is everywhere, accepted by many and encouraged by most people in America. However, in the 18th century colonies, when America was finding its beginnings, this was something that was highly frowned upon. Among many beliefs during the 18th century, one that stood out the most were Puritans who thought that everyone was equal and should do their part to help their community. 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The Holidays With Pay Act Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2324 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? It is a common problem in workplaces where different people speak different languages. Different regions in the world speak English, Spanish, French and other foreign languages. Persons should not lingo around employees that cannot speak their language because it causes confusions.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Diversity A guiding belief is put in place to hire a definite amount of people from different ethnic and cultural groups. This allocation is based on that the approach doesnt allow you to get the most out of workplace array. The diversity challenge is to embrace differences right to the root of the organization. Managers have to listen intimately to the ideas from people from different cultural, race and age groups.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Discrimination Some people would dare say an offensive slur in the workplace. Discrimination can wait in a more intimidating form that is unnoticed by managers. You have women and visible minorities there at your organization . Small businesses can disguise prejudice in the bud by providing support and equal opportunities to all employees. Promotions and pay decisions on objective criteria. Sales numbers or performance review statistics. Global Challenges Advances in Technology Advances in technology will likely impact on human resources on three separate insertions:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Changes in efficiencies brought about at local institutions leading to the removal of some positions and creation of others.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ There will be an elimination of a number of secretarial and other low tech positions.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶There will be a dramatically increased need for health informatics specialists trained specifically to meet the intricate Information Communication Technology (ICT) needs of organizations.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶Generally there will be a shift that will occur within the healthcare industry toward positions requiring higher education and training and higher salarie s, which will be funded through cost savings made possible by reducing waste, repetition and costly medical errors. Human Resource Plan Job Analysis  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A human resources planner must predict what kinds of jobs the company will need to fill in the future. This might include replacing employees who leave and finding employees to fill positions that dont yet exist in the organization. Job analysis ensures that human resource planners know the skills needed to fill these positions, when employees join the organization and also what kinds of qualifications, and personal qualities successful workers display. Macroeconomic Modeling  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Forecasters use computer macroeconomic modeling programs to predict future labor force needs. This type of program uses various financial indicators to determine how a labor force must grow or shrink in response to changes in the labor market. A program can or cant include psychoanalysis of past economic trends. Computerized Forecast  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ The determination of future employees needs by projecting organization sales, volume of production and personnel required to maintain the output using computers and software packages.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Human Resource Budget and Planning Analysis Legal Environment Equal employment opportunity cannot be denied any person because of his or her racial group or professed racial group.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Sex Discrimination  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Sexual harassment- Includes practices ranging from direct requests for sexual favors to workplace conditions that create an unfriendly atmosphere for persons of either gender. Sometimes including same sex harassment.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Pregnancy based discrimination-Pregnancy, childbirth, and related medical conditions must be treated in the same way as other provisional illnesses or conditions. The Employment (Equal Pay for Men and Women) Act  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Employers must pay men and women equally. If an employer has both male and female workers in substantially similar positions, he is not allowed to pay them any differently.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Employers also must keep records of payment so that they can prove that they have complied with the Employment Act The Minimum Wage Act This act created minimum wages for different professions. Each profession has its own base minimum wage. The wage changes with hours and with people whose income is a household income. This act created minimum wages for different professions. Each profession has its own base minimum wage. The wage changes with hours and with people whose income is a household income. Workers must also be paid more on holidays, Sundays and Good Friday .Workers must also be paid more on holidays, Sundays and Good Friday. Rest day- means in relation to a worker such day of the week as may be excluded from single time work in respect of a worker. Single time work- means work done duri ng any period not exceeding eight hours on any standard day. Forty hours in any one week of five standard days. The Holidays with Pay Act  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Holiday remuneration-the amount of remuneration payable to a worker during any holidays with pay to which he may be entitled under any order. Casual worker means any worker who is employed from day to day for the performance of a particular task which normally cannot be performed in less than one working day.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Workers earnings-the regular amounts paid by an employer to a worker in respect of the workers services, but do not include any amount paid in respect of overtime work or by way of bonus unless any payments by way of bonus form part of such regular amounts. Power to provide for holidays with pay, sick leave, gratuities and sick benefit in any occupation.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Minister may by order direct that workers, including casual workers, in any occupation shall be entitled to be allowed such holidays with pay, such sick leave with pay. Recruitment and Selection Process  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Identify Vacancy and Evaluate Need  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Develop Position Description  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Develop Recruitment Plan  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Select Search Committee  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Post Position and Implement Recruitment Plan  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Review Applicants and Develop Short List  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Conduct Interviews  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Select Hire  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Finalize Recruitment Identify Vacancy and Evaluate Need Recruitments provide opportunities to departments such as aligning staff skill sets to initiatives and goals and planning for departmental and individual growth. Although there is work involved in the hiring process, proper planning and evaluation of the need will lead to hiring the right person for the role and team. Develop Position Description A position description also referred to as a job description is the core of a successful recruitment process. From the job description, interview questions, interview evaluations and reference checks questions are developed. Develop Recruitment Plan Each position requires a documented Recruitment Plan which is approved by the organizational unit. A carefully structured recruitment plan maps out the strategy for attracting and hiring the best qualified candidate and helps to ensure an applicant pool which includes women and underrepresented groups including veterans and individuals with disabilities. Select Search Committee To ensure applicants selected for interview and final consideration are evaluated by more than one individual to minimize the potential for personal bias, a selection committee is formed. The hiring manager will identify members who will have direct and indirect interaction with the applicant in the course of their job. Each hiring manager should make an effort to appoint a search committee that represents a diverse cross section of the staff. A member of the committee will be appointed as the Affirmative Action and Compliance Liaison who will monitor the affirmative action aspects of the search committee. Post Position and Implement Recruitment Plan Once the position description has been completed, the position can then be posted to the UCR career site via the ATS. Every effort should be made to ensure the accuracy of the job description and posting text. It is not advisable and in some instances, not possible to change elements of a posted position. The reason for this has to do with the impact a given change may have on the applicant pool. Review Applicants and Develop Short List Once the position has been posted, candidates will apply via job board. Candidates will complete an electronic applicant for each position. Candidates will be considered Applicants or Expressions of Interest. Conduct Interview The interview is the single most important step in the selection process. It is the opportunity for the employer and prospective employee to learn more about each other and validate information provided by both. By following these interviewing guidelines, you will ensure you have conducted a thorough interview process and have all necessary data to properly evaluate skills and abilities. Training and Development Establishing Analysis This step identifies activities to justify an investment for training. The techniques necessary for the data collection are surveys, observations, interviews, and customer comment cards. Several examples of an analysis outlining specific training needs are customer dissatisfaction, low morale, low productivity, and high turnover. By determining training needs, an organization can decide what specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes are needed to improve the employees performance in accordance with the companys standards. The needs analysis is the starting point for all training. The primary objective of all training is to improve individual and organizational performance. Establishing a needs analysis is, and should always be the first step of the training process. Developing Training Program and Manuals Establishes the development of current job descriptions and standards and procedures. Job descriptions should be clear and concise and may serve as a major training tool for the identification of guidelines. Once the job description is completed, a complete list of standards and procedures should be established from each responsibility outlined in the job description. Deliver The Training Program This step is responsible for the instruction and delivery of the training program. Once you have designated your trainers, the training technique must be decided. One-on-one training, on-the-job training, group training, seminars, and workshops are the most popular methods. Before presenting a training session, make sure you have a tho rough understanding of the following characteristics of an effective trainer. The trainer should have:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A desire to teach the subject being taught.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A working knowledge of the subject being taught.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ An ability to motivate participants to want to learn.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A good sense of humor.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A dynamic appearance and good posture.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A strong passion for their topic.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A strong compassion towards their participants.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Appropriate audio/visual equipment to enhance the training session. For a training program to be successful, the trainer should be conscious of several essential elements, including a controlled environment, good planning, and the use of various training methods, good communication skills, and trainee participation. Evaluate The Training Program this step will determine how effective and profitable your training pr ogram has been. Methods for evaluation are pre-and post- surveys of customer comments cards, the establishment of a cost or benefit analysis outlining your expenses and returns, and an increase in customer satisfaction and profits. The reason for an evaluation system is simple. The evaluation of training programs is without a doubt the most important step in the training process. It is this step that will indicate the effectiveness of both the training as well as the trainer. There are several obvious benefits for evaluating a training program. First, evaluations will provide feedback on the trainers performance, allowing them to improve themselves for future programs. Second, evaluations will indicate its cost-effectiveness. Third, evaluations are an efficient way to determine the overall effectiveness of the training program for the employees as well as the organization.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Contract of Employment is an agreement between an employer and employee and is the basis of the employment relationship.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ The employer has a right to give reasonable instructions to the employees for work at the job. These rights and obligations are called contractual terms. A contract of employment is made up of two types of contractual terms. These are:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Expressed terms  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Implied terms Most employment contracts do not need to be in writing to be legally valid.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ A contract starts as soon as an offer of employment is accepted. Starting work proves that you accept the terms and conditions offered by the employer.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Most employees are legally entitled to a Written Statement of the main terms and conditions of employment within two calendar months of starting work. This should include details of things like pay, holidays and working hours.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ An existing contract of employment can be varied only with the agreement of both parties.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Some people might assume that a contract of employment consists of only those things that are set out in writing between an employer and an employee. Its true that many of the main issues, such as pay and holidays, are usually agreed in writing. Express contractual terms- Express terms in an employment contract are those that are explicitly agreed between employees and employers. Implied contractual terms- Implied terms in an employment contract are those which are not specifically agreed between the employer and employee. I chose express contractual because I can monitor amount of wages, including any overtime or bonus pay.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ hours of work, including overtime  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Holiday pay, including how much time off employees is entitled.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ sick pay  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ redundancy pay Because a contract will still exist even if there is nothing written down, anything which was said to employees by the employer ab out their rights, and anything which are agreed verbally, should be recorded. It is best to put a contract in writing it saves a lot of potential misunderstanding further down the line. Simple misunderstandings over what is or what is not in a contract can often be the main cause of employment tribunal claims. Methods of Compensation The key to managing performance through rewards is linking the desired performance with the appropriate reward.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Total compensation is the complete pay package for employees including all forms of money, benefits, services, and in kind payments  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Direct compensation refers to the actual salary rates paid to employees for the work they perform.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ System rewards are automatically given to all employees for merely being members of their organization. System rewards can be defined as being the basic wage rates.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Individual rewards are given to employees based on the qua lity and quantity of their performance. Performance related pay (PRP) is seen as an individual reward policy, where pay is rewarded in relation to the volume of output. PRP can cause divisions amongst workers, where employees become more worried about the fact that their colleagues are being paid more than them.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ Growth rewards are received by employees for job innovation, learning and improvement. . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Holidays With Pay Act Business Essay" essay for you Create order

Homeless Youth Homeless Youths - 1543 Words

It is estimated that between 240,000 and 400,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) youth experience at least one incident of homelessness each year in the United States (National Alliance to End Homelessness, qtd in Ream and Forge). However, it is important to note that these estimates have wide margins of error because tracking statistics for marginalized communities is quite difficult. Furthermore, homeless LGBTQ+ youths also have challenges not faced by their cisgender-heterosexual (cis-het) homeless peers, including discrimination in non-LGBTQ+-specific youth homeless services and greater health disparities, including greater rates of victimization, sexual risk behaviors, substance use, mental illness, and†¦show more content†¦To combat a problem such as this, so-called â€Å"Right to Work† laws should be fought. Right-to-Work laws weaken unions (Eisenbrey), and often times homeless LGBTQ+ people are asked to get jobs as a way to â€Å"get b ack on their feet† and achieve economic independence. This becomes a problem for homeless LGBTQ+ people (or anyone) who lack union representation because â€Å"entry-level, minimum-wage jobs that were available†¦ â€Å"are physically demanding, have unpredictable schedules, and pay so meagerly that workers can’t save up enough to move on† (Ehrenreich, qtd in Ream and Forge). If instead, many of these jobs were unionized, workers would see higher wages, better hours and more flexibility, and better working conditions (Walters Mishel). Many LGBTQ+ homeless youths are also low-income people of color, and because of countless factors, have not completed high school. In 2013, the jobless rate for low-income black youths without a high school diploma was 95 percent (PBS, qtd in Ream and Forge). There are no jobless rate statistics for youths who have similar identities who also identify LGBTQ+, but it is possible that such a statistic would only confirm other re ports that LGBTQ+ youths have much harder challenges compared to cis-hetero youths, especially when factoring in homelessness (Cochran et al., qtd in Bidell). Improving Law Enforcement Looking specifically at a policy such as NewShow MoreRelatedHomeless Youth And Lgbt Youth2226 Words   |  9 Pages2012 designed to assess the experiences of homeless youth organizations in providing services to LGBT youth. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Homeless Youth Provider Survey also assessed the prevalence of LGBT youth within the homeless populations being served by these organizations. According to their findings, as many as 40 percent of homeless youth identify as LGBT. The most common reason found to have caused homelessness amongst LGBT youth was family rejection after coming out.Read MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth834 Words   |  4 Pages Theoretical Framework Homeless Youth 11/1/2014 Ken Dix Homeless youth are a standout amongst the most underestimated gatherings in our general public. Numerous specialists recognize much more elevated amounts of different issue practices among these adolescent contrasted with their non-homeless associates. The current study analyzed the utility of social capital in foreseeing issue practices among homeless youth. Homelessness is portrayed as circumstances of people or family units withoutRead MoreHomeless Youth in Canada801 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of homeless that live on the streets in Canada and 8,000-11,000 of those people are youth in the age range of only 16-24 years of age. This number has increased and grown bigger by the days due to social and economic factors and coming up with a solution becomes more complicated. Many teens become homeless because of hardship in their life or addiction and mental/psychical disabilities, which affects the integrity of that person. This essay will explain the factors of how youth end up onRead MoreHomeless Youth Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesHomeless Youth Homelessness is defined as having no fixed place to sleep at night. This includes people staying in motels until their money runs out, those staying with friends, those staying in shelters, and those sleeping inside or out whatever space they can find to protect themselves. The number of homeless people has been growing and it has become a serious problem in our society. Every night in Canada there are thousands of people living on the streets. This type of behaviour is consideredRead MoreHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their h ome, or because they have become homeless along with their family membersRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth1372 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT homeless people have been suffering for a substantial amount of time, and it seems as if not many people are aware of this issue. When people think about homeless people they usually do not think about their sexual orientation. But, little do people know that there are many homeless youths that are either lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. Yes, many reasons play into why a youth could be without a roof over his or her head and the sad part of this issue is that one of many reasons. ParentsRead MoreRunaway and Homeless Youth1904 Words   |  8 Pagesregarding homeless people such as â€Å"they need to just get a job† or â€Å"go to school† are normally used liberally by members of society because they neglect to look at the complete issue. Homelessness does not discriminate. Individuals that have previously experience or ma y experience being homeless can be from different regions, have different cultural backgrounds, ages, and could be of any gender. Minorities seem to be mostly affected by homelessness. A study done in 2012 found that the homeless populationRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Youth1920 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless means by definition, an individual who lacks housing, and a resident that lives in transitional housing. A homeless person is a person who lives in a shelter, in their car or on the streets. Being homeless is to live without permanent housing (Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik, 2012, para. 2). To live in poverty means different things: living without being able to buy and have the things society expects you to have, living without food, clothing, electricity, and transportation. The ProblemRead MoreThe Homelessness Of Homeless Youth Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesHomeless individuals can be easily detected in our society. They are the individuals dressed in drab clothing asking for money, the people sleeping on park benches in the middle of the night, and the people who we judge when they beg for money wondering why they don’t get a job. They are judged under a certain narrative that reduces the homeless individual into their current state of being (Lancione, 2013). To understand homelessness one should not only look at the current condition of the individualsRead MoreHomeless Youth Of The 20th Century Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesHomeless Youth in the 20th Century There is an inaccurate count of the number of homeless youth individuals are currently in America. They only account for those who are in the shelter’s system, which is a small portion of the total population of homeless youth. One report estimated that only one in twelve homeless youth ever come into contact with the shelter system (Somllar, 1999). The main focus is on â€Å"street youth† who are still on the streets with no home, and no adult guidance. The downfall

Knowledge Information Systems Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Knowledge Information Systems Development? Answer: Introduction: It is very important to manage the system in order to access to a long list of benefits. The importance of a proper information system is much more important at the organizational level. Such strategy will allow an access to numerous of benefits like an organized database where every single activity is stored (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Such database is not only important for a quick access to important information but this will also help to utilize the stored data for future needs. Moreover, such an arrangement of data in an organized database will also help to make strategic planning utilizing the required contents from the database (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is one of such databases that can produce productive results to organizations or institutions if it is implemented in the system (Seethamraju 2015). This study is not only based on understanding the importance of enterprise resource planning (ERP), but this indeed tries to figure out the utilization of ERP in the chosen case study organization. The chosen case study organization is a new school which came into existence just a few years back in the New South Wales in Australia. The administration of the school is open to innovation which is quite evident from the school infrastructure. Additionally, the administration is also open to the master plan for coming years. There can be many plans included in the master plan; however, the administration should also consider implementing the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to improve its information management system (The Anglican School Googong 2018). The main purpose of this assignment is to understand the importance of information management system. It is also aimed at understanding the challenges that both the public and the private sectors face. Compare and contrast the issues and challenges that face strategic information systems planners. Your answer should clearly discuss the issues each sector (private or public) face when managing IT/IS strategically: There are ample of differences in between the public or the private sectors in regards to the implementation of the strategic information system. The organizational hierarchy and the governing bodies of both the kinds of sectors are different and therefore, they both experience a distinguished kind of challenges while implementing the strategic information system. Private companies face a comparatively lesser challenge while implementing the information management system. The differences can well be understood by discussing the differences between the challenges faced by the public or the private sectors. Public sectors- Public sector organizations need to undergo a long process to get an approval on any system related change (Johnson, Leenders and McCue 2017). For an example, if there is a need to implement the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a public bank the process will actually take a longer than the anticipated time span. The implementation will not only be done on a particular bank but, will rather be made on its other branches also. This will probably require a huge investment and will also require an approval from the public body. In addition to this, the organizational culture in public sector is less flexible (De Vries, Bekkers and Tummers 2016). They take longer than a normal time span to decide whether the proposed system will be beneficial. Nevertheless, additional time is consumed in every single phase like discussing the proposed system, identifying the resources required, allocating the project to a client and others. Additionally, there are the number of such employees who do not want to change and wish to continue with the traditional format of system. They actually act as a resisting agent and at such places, implementation process gets delayed (De Vries, Bekkers and Tummers 2016). The management system in public sectors is notably ineffective than it is in the private sectors. The management team who are responsible to take care of the change process, they have to wait for an approval from the public government (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan 2015). The approval itself gets delayed. Nevertheless, the management has to suffer at the different stages like waiting for the required resources to be available (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan 2015). The whole environment is actually suffered from a comparatively less flexible and uncompetitive public government. Private sectors- Though at the private organization, approval process happens at a comparatively faster speed; however, it also faces various challenges or issues while implementing the strategic information system. One of the first issues is the leadership challenge which is really tasted during such times (Armenski, Dwyer and Pavlukovi? 2018). The implementation of a system requires a leader that can take quick and productive decisions. Additionally, its manager's responsibility to ensure that communication has been made in regards to the change process to its entire stakeholders. This is necessary to get the contributions from every eligible member of the organization or else the project could not be done within the deadline (Armenski, Dwyer and Pavlukovi? 2018). Another challenge in private organization is the organizational environment which needs to be very flexible to change (Roehrich, Lewis and George 2014). The level of severity is less than in the public sectors; however, the private organizations also face the distinguished beliefs of different generations. Millennials are very flexible and are quite friendly to technology as well. On the other hand, the older employees have a resistance to change in them. They have the tendency to be in the comfort zone which is in most cases continuing with the traditional system (Roehrich, Lewis and George 2014). The technical issue is one of the kinds of the issues that the private organizations face. A particular organization cannot use all the technologies (Acharya and Xu 2017). They rather can use the technologies which are affordable to them and are also compatible with the old system of information management. Compatibility is a major issue that may prevent the implementation of a very productive system also (Acharya and Xu 2017). Critically evaluate whether or not an IS Strategy may help an organisation to achieve a competitive advantage. If an IS Strategy can help an organisation achieve a competitive advantage how might an organisation sustain such an advantage: According to the authors Altamony et al. (2016), enterprise resource planning (ERP) can add values to the organizational practices by making things visible in terms of accessing to the data of various fields like the sales marketing, accounts, human resource and much others. In the light of the above-said facts, this can be assumed that enterprise resource planning (ERP) can be very beneficial in maintaining a database that has all the information stored at just one place. This provides a platform where the professionals, in particular, the senior managers will be able to cross verify the errors in any of the department if there is any. If there is a mismatch between the sales figure and the relevant account details then the professionals or the senior managers will be able to trace out the gaps. The platform offers a very smooth transition from one function to another. It means that the system does not lag in terms of multitasking. Such a smooth transition will enable to take the full advantage of the platform that it provides in terms of access to the different set of data of distinguished department (Altamony et al. 2016). This is cost effective also. The fact can very well be understood from the saying of the authors Altamony et al. (2016) which states that since the enterprise resource planning (ERP) offers a multidimensional function of the different departments at the just one platform, therefore, the organization will no longer have the necessity to purchase more software to support the functions of different other departments. There are certain Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) vendors that also provide Business Intelligence. Business intelligence can help to go much insight the business process and can also enable to find the business problems or the improvements (Altamony et al. 2016). One of the biggest advantages of using ERP is the advanced e-commerce integration. The integration will enable a web-based order processing or tracking (Altamony et al. 2016). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) offers an implementation of a diverse range of modules; however, it is entirely on the client that what numbers of the module it wishes to have (Altamony et al. 2016). The security level of the ERP system is also very high. This is due to a fact that it is a centralized platform which can be managed or secured by applying a centralized security policy (Altamony et al. 2016). In addition to the above-mentioned facts, ERP can also provide an easier inventory tracking, order tracking, sales forecasting, revenue tracking and related activities (Altamony et al. 2016). Ways to sustain the advantage- It has already been discussed that there are ample of benefits of using the enterprise resource planning (ERP); however, it is also necessary to understand that sustenance of the system is more important to keep on getting the benefits for a long-term. For a client to get the sustained values of the ERP system, it is important to consider the following discussed points: ERP should not be made over occupied or less occupied. Over occupying will slow down the software. On the other hand, less occupying will not let the integration happen at the full-flow (Chofreh et al. 2014). Users participation is important for a productive use of ERP. This can be done by enabling a continuous training program to rain the professionals on how to use the ERP platform. This is also necessary to make a simpler user interface (Chofreh et al. 2014). Evaluation is required before implementing the ERP system. If one of the steps is not managed properly then this may behave like irresponsive or faulty (Chofreh et al. 2014). What approaches could an organisation adopt when attempting to develop innovative uses of strategic IS: The organization can utilize enterprise resource planning (ERP) to improve its business performance; however, it entirely depends on the approaches that the organization adapt to utilize the benefits of the ERP system. In this regards, organizations can follow the examples of other organizations that have successfully utilized the ERP to better causes. One of such examples can be found form the Nestle Company. Nestle which is known as candy making giant is headquartered in Switzerland (Uwosh.edu 2018). The company had needed to integrate the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system with its supply chain operation. However, at the initial phases, it has to face the certain bumps. The bumps have now been forgotten as the implemented ERP system is now producing the productive results. In the year 2002, the company had claimed a savings of more than $325 million (Uwosh.edu 2018). Interestingly, most of the savings have come from an improved operation of the supply chain. The improvement s have particularly happened to the demand forecasting (Uwosh.edu 2018). The old process had involved a sales guy reporting about the sales figure or the other things and reporting all to the demand planner. This was a kind of manual entry. Moreover, the tracking of the relevant facts of the data was much moir complicated. The Nestle Company in the USA has then made a drastic change in the supply chain operation by facilitating the operation with the help of SAP, business processes and the common databases (Uwosh.edu 2018). With the changed system, the company was able to get a more trusted demand forecast for many of the products of the Nestle. In addition to this, since all the Nestle branches in the USA had used the same data, the company was able to forecast down the distribution center level (Uwosh.edu 2018). In addition to cost-effectiveness, the Nestle Company was also able to run together as one organization. The common database has allowed the different brands of the company to utilize the same manner as used by one of the brands of the same product like the Vanilla (Uwosh.edu 2018). It has also allowed using common processes that enabled a common training module for the different branches (Uwosh.edu 2018). In addition to this, the employee from the same site of Nestle could relocate to its other branches in the USA without ever thinking of adjusting to the local culture (Uwosh.edu 2018). Apart from the improvement of the supply chain, enterprise resource planning (ERP) can also help to make the training process easier. The fact has already been understood from the example of the Nestle in the USA. The use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system does provide a common platform to all the branches of the same company which means that the employees will be required to follow a common set of training modules. The training module will be common as common set processes are being implemented on all the sites. Additionally, employees are also not required to worry about the local culture of the other branches as a common set of practices are conducted at the different branches (Uwosh.edu 2018). The integration of different modules at the ERP system can help the training process to become much smoother. Therefore, the chances of productiveness will increase and the employee will face less challenge to integrate their understanding with the training module. Choose either Outsourcing or End User Computing, as a strategic option. Critically discuss how the Director of IT/IS of the chosen organisation would manage the strategic option you have chosen: The chosen organization is a school namely The Anglican School Googong based in New South Wales Australia. It is the first ever school in the Googong area. The school looks very promising as well which is evident from the innovative design of the school campus (The Anglican School Googong 2018). The administration of the school is keen to develop it into a community and to become a widely popular name by bringing to introduction a master plan. The school administration is open to use the master plan which means if considered the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system will be a good tool to support the master plan and also will promote a further growth. The question was asked to select one of the strategic options which are suitable to the organization needs. End User Computing is one such strategic application that will immensely help the school in progressing ahead in terms of technology (Ismail and King 2014). The technological advancement will enhance the experience of ERP that was already being suggested for the school. Nevertheless, ERP will help the administration to centralize the data of their core sections like the financial, the human resource and the managing sections (Ismail and King 2014). The advancement in ERP experience is being suggested with the use of the End User Computing. The use will help the administration to improve the user interface which is necessary to make the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system an easy to use the platform. However, managing the end user computing is itself a challenge (Ismail and King 2014). The administration of the school or the IT department will be required to consider the following steps in order to successfully manage the end user computing: Moving apps to the data center- This helps to deliver the apps from any other device. Moving the app to the data center will enable the end users to easily access the data. It indeed lessens the amount of work needed to access the data. Moreover, moving app to the data center will also allow the users to remotely access the system (Park and Lee 2014). Understanding the team roles- In many IT organizations, they might have one person especially dedicated to managing the apps, another person to take care of the desktops and the others. However as according to Kamariotou and Kitsios (2016), end-user computing will require taking the ownership for each task which may also be termed like taking the ownership of the aligned task. The school administration should allocate the different works to different expertise like a support specialist to oversee the user issues and resolve the same as well. Finding the relevant cars for users- The school administration should gain the insights of what customers need. If few people like an app, the app can be replaced with a comparatively more popular app. If the app is popular, it should be made virtual, so as to assign it to a specific group of people (Park and Lee 2014). Running a test pilot- As opined by Kamariotou and Kitsios (2016), the Test pilot is like analyzing the data by testing it to make it sure which set of data or the platform is much more relevant to the end-user. Once the recommendations have been made after running a test pilot, this will be a lot easier to design a user interface to help them take the benefits from the enterprise resource planning (ERP). Taking a holistic approach to end-user computing- Integrating the end-user computing into the enterprise management strategy can help the business of the chosen school in future. In the opinion of Kamariotou and Kitsios (2016), the end-user computing will help to build a much secured, user-friendly and agile virtual infrastructure. The infrastructure will help to enhance the customer and the employee loyalty and will also increase the end-user productivity as well. Evaluate the statement that: Strategic Information Systems can add business value to an organisation through IT/IS. Your answer should include relevant case evidence that supports your arguments: Strategic Information Systems can add value to the business of an organization. The strategic information system is not an ordinary form of information system as it really helps to raise the business standard provide that, if it is implemented and executed properly. Following points will help to understand the different ways through which the IS can add values to the business of an organization: Acting as a barrier to competitors entry- As stated by Peppard, Galliers, and Thorogood (2014), organizations do use or can use the strategy to enhance its competitiveness through the introduction of a product which is hard to duplicate or it has been targeted on a specialized market that is rare to many competitors. The competitors find this really difficult to duplicate or target the same market as the cost of adopting is usually very higher which to such competitors is not valid. This further means that the barriers can become bigger if an organization uses the strategic information system to produce unique products or to target a pretty specialized market. Preparing database to improve the marketing strategies- According to Peppard, Galliers, and Thorogood (2014), companies can use the strategic information system to enhance its marketing and sales strategies. This is indeed a very good way to get an edge over the competitors. This can well be understood from few examples like the organization can track the purchasing behavior of customers by accessing to the database on sales marketing. In a similar way, product reputation can also be identified by cross verifying the sales figure in the database available in the strategic information system or the enterprise resource planning (ERP). Locking in suppliers and customers- As opined by Peppard, Galliers and Thorogood (2014), locking in is a good way to gain the competitive advantage. Using this concept the strategic information system can be used to provide such advantages to the customers or the suppliers that it becomes difficult to either of them to look for a switch over to other customers or the suppliers. For example, an organization may design the strategic information system in such a way that it provides ample of benefits to customers like the reduced transaction costs, a reliable order filling, a faster delivery service and the increased management support. Reducing the products cost- According to the authors Peppard, Galliers and Thorogood (2014), strategic information systems may also contribute to the lowering of prices of products which is like a competitive edge in most of the markets. It is usually challenging for the competitors to copy the reduced pricing strategy which is easily possible through the IS. Nevertheless, such strategy can also contribute to the survival and the growth of the organization. For example, airline companies use the information systems to offer the customers a reduced cost so that they could outplace the competitors strategy for discounted fares. Incepting technology in the value chain operation- In the opinion of Peppard, Galliers, and Thorogood (2014), strategic information systems can best be utilized to improve the value chain operation. The technological advancement of the value chain operation will indeed yield a much better result by identifying the critical and the specific leverage points. Critically discuss what constitutes having a good internal control in a contemporary and complex business world. Your answer should cover how organisations could develop an internal control strategy so that they are not exposed to excessive risks or behaviours that could harm their reputation for honesty and integrity of their staff: A good internal control can be designed based on the risk assessment process. According to Helbing et al. (2015), the use of strategic information systems can help to facilitate an effective internal control as viewed from the perspectives of auditors. The audit technique can now be added to the strategic information systems to review and manage the financial and the operational controls. However, the control will be done by using the technological platform that the strategic information systems can provide (Helbing et al. 2015). As opined by Dutot, Bergeron and Raymond (2014), the controls or an understanding of the technology will directly impact the overall reliability of the financial statements. In the light of the above-mentioned facts, this can be said that a financial expert is also required to have a little knowledge of the IT/IS system. In addition to the controls on the financial statements, the strategic information systems can also be used for general control purpose. Such purpose includes but is not limited to like the employee access, IT governance, disaster recovery plans, network configuration, policies, logical and physical controls (Gorla and Somers 2014). The internal control in an organization can be managed appropriately by adhering to the following mentioned facts: Using this concept, the strategic information systems can be used to secure the confidential data from unauthorized users. The internal control in this regard can be enhanced by facilitating an authorization gateway where the end users will be required to make them identified by the system. If they are the authorized users and have been allowed to access to the system, the authorization will be successful and hence, the user will be able to access to the required data (Lesca et al. 2015). On the other hand, if any suspects are identified the system will simply block the user from access to the data (Lesca et al. 2015). In this way, the strategic information systems can help to enhance the internal control and thereby, will reduce the risks related to companys reputation, employees integrity and will also enhance the market reputation (Lesca et al. 2015). This is another very important concept and can be used to protect the important assets. The internal process is needed to be designed, tested and documented in order to test its reliability which is necessary to ensure a robust security of the important organizational assets (Lesca et al. 2015). Providing password protection system to confidential data will also be one of the key points to improve the internal control system. In addition to this, all users or the employees should be trained on security-related awareness (Lesca et al. 2015). Most importantly, an auditable authorization process is needed to be implemented, so that, auditing of access could become easier (Lesca et al. 2015). A review will be needed to check whether the information systems is actively working. Best practices of such task will include ensuring the data integrity by validating this from Data Warehouse, reporting models and FinancialLink tools (Lesca et al. 2015). This is also advisable to follow the data retention requirements and the retention schedules (Lesca et al. 2015). In addition to this, a periodic review of the information stored in the paper or the electronic format is also required (Lesca et al. 2015). Conclusion: To conclude, this can be said that the strategic information systems or the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system can help the The Anglican School Googong in establishing a robust future. The master plan that the school administration has proposed should also include the ERP system in the module. This will as stated in this paper make different things act as a centralized activity. 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